Gestating sows have complex behavioral needs that are poorly met by conventional housing systems; enrichment and housing reform are key welfare priorities for pregnant pigs.
Gestation crate confinement represents a profound welfare compromise for one of the most behaviorally complex farmed animals. Sows confined for the 16-week gestation period cannot express fundamental behavioral drives, leading to frustration, stereotypies, and musculoskeletal deterioration. The industry has demonstrated that alternatives including group housing are commercially viable. Welfare improvements for gestating sows represent some of the highest-impact changes available in commercial pig farming.