Rabbits are the third most used species in biomedical research and face welfare challenges distinctive from rodents, including social needs and housing requirements.
Laboratory rabbit welfare has specific features that distinguish it from rodent welfare management. Rabbits are highly social and suffer significant welfare costs from single housing, which remains common in research facilities despite evidence of social needs. They are also prey species with strong predator fear responses that make laboratory handling inherently stressful. Rabbits hide pain and illness behaviorally, requiring trained observers using validated pain assessment tools. The Draize test, a high-profile use of rabbits, is being progressively replaced by validated alternatives. Paired housing, refined handling techniques, and enrichment provision are all feasible welfare improvements.