Donkeys have specific welfare needs that differ significantly from horses. In many parts of the world they are overworked, underfed, and receive inadequate veterinary care.
Donkeys are profoundly stoic animals that tolerate pain and discomfort without obvious behavioral change, making welfare assessment challenging. In working donkey populations, overloading, inadequate rest, poor hoof care, wounds from ill-fitting harnesses, and lack of veterinary treatment are common welfare problems. Even in welfare countries, donkeys kept as pets or companions may have unrecognized dental disease, hoof problems, and dietary issues from inappropriate feeding. Their unique nutritional needs mean donkeys fed horse-appropriate diets often develop hyperlipemia and laminitis. Recognizing donkeys as distinct species with specific needs is fundamental to improving their welfare.