Gestation crates confine pregnant sows in spaces so small they cannot turn around. The welfare evidence against this practice has driven bans in many countries and growing consumer opposition.
Gestation crates represent one of the most intensive confinement systems in animal agriculture and cause profound welfare suffering. Confined sows cannot walk, turn around, or interact socially with other pigs. The extreme physical restriction causes muscle weakness, joint problems, and pressure sores. The behavioral frustration of being unable to perform any natural behaviors for months causes severe psychological distress expressed as stereotypic bar-biting and repetitive movements. Scientific consensus is clear that gestation crates are incompatible with good welfare. Group housing systems that allow freedom of movement and social interaction represent a viable alternative.