Octopuses are remarkably intelligent cephalopods with complex welfare needs. Growing evidence of their cognitive sophistication is transforming how their welfare is considered in captivity.
Octopus welfare in aquarium settings requires providing appropriate environmental complexity for animals with remarkable cognitive capabilities. Bare tanks without enrichment cause the rapid behavioral deterioration seen in bored, frustrated octopuses. Complex environments including structures for exploration, puzzles, and prey items to hunt address behavioral needs. Individual housing is required given their cannibalistic tendencies. The recognition of cephalopod sentience in UK legislation represents an important step in acknowledging that octopus welfare matters. Research into octopus welfare is in its early stages, but their problem-solving abilities and apparent curiosity suggest rich inner lives deserving of welfare consideration.