Dog Leptospirosis: Vaccine-Preventable Welfare Threat

Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease affecting dogs and transmissible to humans. Vaccination is highly effective against key serovars and is recommended for most dogs.

Key Facts

Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira bacteria spread through contaminated water and urine
It causes severe liver and kidney disease with high mortality without treatment
Rats are a primary reservoir host and urban and waterside dogs have elevated risk
Vaccination against the four main serovars provides good protection
Climate change is expanding the geographic range of leptospirosis risk

Welfare Considerations

Leptospirosis causes severe acute illness with fever, vomiting, hemorrhage, and rapidly progressive organ failure. Dogs with leptospirosis require intensive hospitalization with IV fluids and antibiotics. Despite treatment, some cases progress to fatal multi-organ failure. The suffering associated with acute leptospirosis is significant and the prognosis without prompt treatment is poor. Vaccination against the main serovars is highly effective and represents one of the most impactful individual welfare decisions dog owners can make, particularly for dogs with outdoor or waterside exposure. The zoonotic risk adds public health significance to canine vaccination.

What You Can Do

Ensure your dog receives annual vaccination against leptospirosis serovars
Ask your vet about the appropriate vaccine formulation for your area and dog's lifestyle
Seek emergency veterinary care for any dog showing fever, vomiting, and jaundice
Be aware of local leptospirosis risk areas including standing water and areas frequented by wildlife
Inform your vet about any water exposure when presenting an unwell dog
Practice good hygiene after your dog swims in natural water bodies