Dog Cushing's Disease: Welfare and Long-term Management

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease) causes chronic suffering in affected dogs. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment substantially improve quality of life.

Key Facts

Cushing's disease occurs when the adrenal glands produce excessive cortisol
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) accounts for 80-85% of cases
Common signs include increased thirst, urination, appetite, pot-bellied appearance, and skin changes
Affected dogs also show muscle weakness, lethargy, and susceptibility to infections
Trilostane (Vetoryl) and mitotane are the primary treatments for PDH
Life expectancy with treatment is similar to unaffected dogs of the same age and breed

Welfare Considerations

Cushing's disease causes progressive deterioration in quality of life through multiple pathways. Chronic elevated cortisol causes muscle wasting, skin fragility, behavioral changes including anxiety, and susceptibility to serious secondary infections. Many dogs are diagnosed late because owners attribute signs to normal aging. Treatment genuinely transforms affected dogs — improved energy, reduced thirst and urination, and restoration of normal behavior are common owner reports after successful management.

What You Can Do

Have your vet investigate any dog showing the classic triad: increased thirst, urination, and appetite alongside pot-belly
Begin diagnostic testing promptly rather than attributing signs to old age
Monitor treatment carefully — trilostane requires regular ACTH stimulation tests to ensure correct dosing
Watch for signs of adrenal insufficiency (lethargy, vomiting, weakness) as a drug side effect and seek emergency care
Maintain regular veterinary follow-up throughout treatment as doses require adjustment
Discuss quality of life honestly with your vet if treatment becomes difficult to manage