The practical implementation of free farrowing systems for sows requires specific management knowledge to achieve both good sow welfare and acceptable piglet survival rates.
The welfare case for free farrowing is strong for sow welfare, but the implementation challenge is real. Higher piglet crushing mortality in unmanaged free systems creates a genuine welfare tension: better maternal welfare at cost of higher piglet mortality. The resolution lies in system design and management, not in accepting that sow welfare and piglet welfare are irreconcilably in conflict. Purpose-designed pens with protective structures, stockperson training, and appropriate breed selection can substantially close the survival gap while maintaining the sow welfare benefits of freedom to turn, express nest-building, and interact normally with her piglets.