Companion Animals

Dog Corneal Ulcers: Diagnosis and Treatment

Corneal ulcers are painful eye injuries in dogs that require prompt veterinary attention to prevent vision loss and serious complications.

Key Facts

Corneal ulcers can result from scratches, foreign bodies, dry eye, or infection
Superficial ulcers may heal within a week with appropriate treatment
Deep ulcers can perforate the eye and cause permanent vision loss
Brachycephalic breeds like pugs and bulldogs are at higher risk due to prominent eyes
Fluorescein dye staining is the primary diagnostic tool for detecting ulcers

Welfare Considerations

Corneal ulcers cause significant pain and distress. Dogs may paw at the eye, squint, or show excessive tearing. Without prompt treatment, ulcers can progress rapidly. Pain management alongside topical antibiotics is essential for welfare. E-collars prevent self-trauma but add their own stress, making gentle monitoring and reassurance important.

What You Can Do

Seek veterinary care immediately if you notice eye squinting or discharge
Never apply human eye drops to a dog without veterinary guidance
Follow the full course of prescribed eye medications
Return for recheck appointments to confirm healing
Consider specialist referral for deep or non-healing ulcers