Snow leopards face multiple threats across their high-altitude range and individual welfare is compromised by retaliatory killing, trapping, and prey depletion.
Snow leopards killed in retaliation for livestock losses experience traumatic deaths through poisoning, trapping, or shooting. Individuals in poorly set traps may suffer for extended periods. GPS collars allow important conservation research but cause short-term capture stress and potential long-term discomfort if poorly fitted. Livestock protection programmes that reduce retaliatory killing are both conservation and welfare interventions.