Dog Elbow Dysplasia and Joint Disease

Elbow dysplasia is a leading cause of forelimb lameness in large breed dogs, encompassing several developmental conditions that cause progressive joint damage and pain.

Key Facts

Elbow dysplasia includes fragmented medial coronoid process, osteochondrosis dissecans, and ununited anconeal process
Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Golden Retrievers are most commonly affected
Affected dogs show forelimb lameness often beginning between 4-12 months of age
CT scanning provides the most detailed assessment of elbow pathology for surgical planning
BVA Elbow Scoring Scheme in the UK grades elbows from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe changes)

Welfare Considerations

Elbow dysplasia causes significant pain during the rapid growth period and progresses to chronic osteoarthritis. Young dogs showing lameness are suffering unnecessarily when diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Surgical intervention for fragmented coronoid process and osteochondrosis dissecans can reduce pain and slow progression. Long-term management with weight control, appropriate exercise, and pain medication is essential for welfare. Breeding only from health-tested parents reduces the heritable component.

What You Can Do

Purchase large breed puppies only from parents with normal elbow scores
Seek veterinary assessment promptly if your large breed puppy shows forelimb lameness
Pursue CT evaluation for detailed elbow assessment before surgical decisions
Maintain healthy body weight to reduce stress on affected elbow joints
Follow a structured rehabilitation programme after surgical intervention