Cognitive enrichment through training, puzzle toys, and novel experiences supports brain health in dogs and provides positive welfare through engagement and mental stimulation.
Dogs denied adequate mental stimulation develop boredom-related behaviours including destructive activity and excessive vocalisation. Cognitive engagement is a welfare need, not a luxury. Older dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome benefit from enrichment that maintains brain function and reduces disorientation. Positive reinforcement training provides cognitive engagement, strengthens the human-dog relationship, and builds confidence. The welfare contribution of mental enrichment is as significant as physical exercise.