Companion Animals

Dog Leptospirosis Welfare and Zoonotic Risk

Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease transmitted through contaminated water that poses welfare risks to both dogs and the humans who live with them.

Key Facts

Leptospira bacteria are shed in urine of wildlife including raccoons, rats, and deer
Dogs are infected through contact with contaminated water or soil
Signs include kidney failure, liver disease, bleeding disorders, and uveitis
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease transmissible from dogs to humans
Vaccination against the most common serovars is effective and recommended

Welfare Considerations

Dogs with leptospirosis experience acute kidney and liver failure causing vomiting, jaundice, and severe systemic illness. Without prompt treatment, mortality is high. Survivors may have permanent kidney damage requiring long-term management. The zoonotic risk means sick dogs also pose risk to their families, creating additional urgency for vaccination.

What You Can Do

Vaccinate dogs against leptospirosis annually, especially those with outdoor exposure
Avoid letting dogs swim in or drink from stagnant water
Use gloves when handling the urine of a dog suspected of leptospirosis
Seek emergency veterinary care for dogs showing signs of kidney or liver failure
Tell your physician if you have been exposed to a dog with confirmed leptospirosis