Painted storks breed in mixed-species heronries in South Asia that are vulnerable to disturbance and habitat degradation.
Disturbance at colonial breeding sites causes cascading welfare harm - adults flushing from nests leave eggs and chicks exposed to lethal temperatures and predators. A single well-intentioned visit to an active heronry during breeding can cause the failure of hundreds of nests. The welfare of individual chicks depends entirely on the maintenance of disturbance-free nesting conditions.