Tick infestations cause significant suffering in cattle through blood loss, skin irritation, and disease transmission, making parasite management a key welfare priority.
Tick infestations cause persistent discomfort through skin irritation, itching, and inflammation at attachment sites. Heavy infestations lead to severe anemia, weakness, and immune suppression. Tick-borne diseases can cause acute illness with high fever, hemolysis, and death if untreated. The stress of recurrent infestation and repeated treatment procedures adds to cumulative welfare costs.