Cat Polycystic Kidney Disease: Genetics and Welfare

Polycystic kidney disease is a hereditary condition in cats causing progressive kidney failure, most common in Persian and related breeds.

Key Facts

PKD in cats is caused by a dominant mutation in the PKD1 gene affecting Persian breed descendants
Cysts develop in both kidneys from birth and grow progressively over years
Clinical signs of kidney failure typically appear at 7-10 years of age
DNA testing identifies affected cats before clinical signs develop
Prevalence in Persians has been reduced from over 40% to under 5% through testing programs
Ultrasound can detect cysts from 10 months of age providing early identification
Treatment is supportive, managing the consequences of kidney failure rather than the underlying disease

Welfare Considerations

PKD causes slowly progressive kidney failure with associated nausea, appetite loss, weight loss, and eventually uremic illness. The insidious nature means cats may have declining welfare for years before obvious signs appear. Regular monitoring of affected cats allows earlier intervention and supportive care. Breeding reform using genetic testing has dramatically reduced prevalence and represents a major welfare advance.

What You Can Do

Require DNA PKD test results for any Persian, Exotic Shorthair, or Ragdoll breeding pair
Ask breeders for PKD test certificates when acquiring a kitten from affected breeds
Monitor kidney values annually in Persian-descent cats from middle age onwards
Implement renal-supportive care early when kidney values begin to change in affected cats
Support breed clubs that require mandatory PKD testing for registered breeding cats
Advocate for DNA testing to be a requirement for cat show registration in affected breeds