Livestock in Extreme Heat Events

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of extreme heat events, posing acute welfare crises for farm animals in intensive and extensive systems alike.

Key Facts

Heat stress costs global livestock industries billions of dollars annually in productivity losses
Dairy cows begin showing heat stress above 22 degrees Celsius with humidity factored in
Pigs are highly susceptible to heat stress and can die rapidly in poorly ventilated buildings
Broiler chickens have been bred for rapid growth that reduces their heat tolerance
Shade, ventilation, and water access are the primary welfare interventions during heat events

Welfare Considerations

Heat stress in livestock causes physiological cascade effects including panting, elevated heart rate, reduced feed intake, reproductive failure, and immune suppression. In severe events, animals in confined buildings can die from hyperthermia within hours if ventilation fails. The 2003 European heat wave killed an estimated 40,000 pigs and millions of poultry. Climate adaptation planning, emergency protocols, and breed diversification are urgent welfare priorities as extreme heat events become more common.

What You Can Do

Support farms that invest in shade, fans, and cooling systems for livestock
Advocate for emergency welfare protocols for extreme heat events on farms
Consider climate resilience when choosing animal products
Support research into heat-tolerant breeds and lower-density housing systems