Cat Polycystic Kidney Disease Management

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary condition causing fluid-filled cysts in cats' kidneys, eventually leading to chronic kidney failure with significant welfare implications.

Key Facts

PKD affects approximately 36-49% of Persian cats and related breeds like Exotic Shorthairs
The condition is caused by a dominant genetic mutation - a single copy causes disease
Cysts are present from birth but may not cause clinical signs until middle age or later
DNA testing can identify affected cats before breeding, helping eliminate the mutation
There is no cure, but management can slow progression and maintain quality of life

Welfare Considerations

Cats with PKD develop progressive kidney failure as cysts expand and replace functional kidney tissue. The welfare impacts mirror those of other forms of chronic kidney disease: nausea, reduced appetite, dehydration, hypertension causing retinal damage, and the general malaise of uraemia. Affected cats may also experience pain from rapidly enlarging cysts. Early detection through ultrasound allows earlier intervention, but the hereditary nature means affected cats face a lifelong condition from birth.

What You Can Do

Test Persian and related breed cats for PKD DNA mutation before breeding
Adopt from breeders who actively screen for and work to eliminate PKD
Have cats from susceptible breeds screened with ultrasound from age 2-3
Work with your vet to manage blood pressure and support kidney function in affected cats
Support breed organizations promoting mandatory PKD testing for registered breeders