Rhinoceros are targeted for their horns by poaching networks, with surviving populations concentrated in reserves where welfare depends on security, habitat, and population management.
Rhinos that survive poaching attacks with partial horn removal or injuries experience pain and disability in the wild. The dehorning of rhinos for protection - while often effective - involves regular anesthesia and procedural stress. Translocation of rhinos between reserves, a key management tool, causes significant acute stress. Welfare considerations must be integrated into conservation management decisions.