Animal sanctuaries provide refuge for animals that cannot be returned to the wild, but quality varies enormously; understanding what constitutes genuine sanctuary is essential.
The term sanctuary has no legal definition in most countries and is used by facilities ranging from excellent welfare providers to commercial exploitation operations. Genuine sanctuaries prioritize individual animal welfare over visitor experience, maintain animals in appropriate social groups, provide appropriate enrichment, and plan for long-term care including aging and death. Animals in genuine sanctuaries often have complex trauma histories that require patient, skilled behavioral support. Distinguishing genuine from pseudo-sanctuaries is essential for donors and volunteers seeking to support animal welfare.