Domestic ducks and geese have strong behavioral needs centered on water access and social interaction that are often poorly met in commercial production systems.
The welfare of domestic ducks without bathing water access is significantly compromised - water immersion is not merely a preference but a fundamental behavioral need for cleanliness, thermoregulation, and psychological wellbeing. Research shows that ducks work harder to access deep water for bathing than food when both are restricted, demonstrating the strength of this motivation. Foie gras production causes liver enlargement to ten times normal size and significant discomfort. Consumer and regulatory pressure has led many countries to ban foie gras production and require improved housing for waterfowl.