Free-farrowing systems that allow sows to move freely during birth and nursing show improved welfare outcomes compared to conventional farrowing crates, though management challenges remain.
Farrowing crates represent one of the most significant welfare compromises in intensive pig production, restricting sows during a biologically motivated period of high behavioral need. Free-farrowing systems, though requiring greater management skill and infrastructure investment, restore core behaviors and reduce chronic frustration. The welfare case for transition is strong, and farming support programs can enable producers to make this shift.