Research into which enrichment materials best meet pigs' behavioral needs has produced clear rankings. Applying this science to farm practice significantly improves pig welfare more effectively than generic enrichment provision.
The science of pig enrichment preferences provides actionable guidance for significant welfare improvement. Rather than providing whatever is available and calling it enrichment, the research base allows farms to prioritize materials that genuinely engage pigs' foraging motivation. Compost, peat, and chopped straw are highly effective but may not be available in all systems; even within substrate-limited systems, providing small daily portions of chopped straw is more welfare-positive than continuous access to plastic toys. This knowledge should drive farm-level enrichment planning, veterinary and advisor recommendations, and regulatory standards. The cost difference between effective enrichment (daily straw) and ineffective enrichment (plastic toys) can be modest while the welfare benefit is substantial.