Leash reactivity is one of the most common behavioral problems in dogs, causing distress for both dogs and owners and frequently leading to reduced exercise and social isolation.
Leash reactivity represents significant ongoing welfare compromise for affected dogs. Each reactive episode is a stress response involving elevated cortisol, arousal, and the psychological experience of being unable to escape a perceived threat. Dogs that lunge and bark on leash are typically not enjoying themselves - they are in a state of fear, frustration, or both. The welfare problem compounds because reactive dogs often get walked less frequently as owners find outings stressful, reducing their physical exercise and environmental enrichment. Early intervention with a qualified force-free trainer is the most welfare-positive response, combined with management strategies that prevent repeated reactive episodes.