Falconry has ancient traditions worldwide; modern welfare-focused practices can minimize suffering while many traditional approaches involve significant welfare costs.
Falconry welfare spans a spectrum from excellent to seriously compromised depending on practitioner knowledge and commitment. Well-managed falconry birds can achieve good welfare: they receive excellent nutrition, skilled veterinary care, and the opportunity for flight and hunting behavior. However, traditional practices including improper jess fitting, overuse of hoods, inadequate weathering facilities, and capture of wild birds create significant welfare costs. Modern welfare-focused falconry organizations publish detailed standards and provide education that improves welfare outcomes. The long tradition of close human-bird relationship in falconry creates opportunity for welfare innovation that respects both culture and animal welfare.