Migratory birds face multiple welfare threats across their flyways including habitat loss, hunting, powerlines, and climate disruption that require international cooperation to address.
Migratory birds face welfare threats distributed across thousands of kilometers of flyway. Illegal trapping and shooting cause direct mortality. Power line electrocution causes acute death or injury to birds unable to recognize non-insulated lines as hazards. Climate phenological mismatch between migration timing and food peak availability causes starvation of chicks in breeding grounds. Habitat loss at staging areas prevents adequate fuel accumulation for continued migration. International cooperation through conventions like AEWA and national legislation protecting migratory birds represents the governance framework for addressing these distributed welfare threats.