Corneal ulcers are among the most acutely painful eye conditions in cats, commonly caused by herpesvirus infection, trauma, or foreign bodies, and requiring prompt treatment to prevent vision-threatening complications.
Corneal ulcers cause intense, continuous pain that is among the most severe experienced by companion cats. The cornea's extreme nerve density means that even superficial ulcers create burning, stabbing pain with every blink. Cats with corneal ulcers squint continuously, avoid light, and show behavioral changes reflecting their constant discomfort. The self-trauma reflex - pawing at a painful eye - risks worsening the ulcer or causing rupture, making e-collar compliance essential but additionally stressful for the cat. Deep or complicated ulcers may require surgery and prolonged recovery. Herpesviral ulcers tend to recur with stress, meaning cats with FHV-1 may experience repeated episodes of this intense pain throughout their lives.