Corneal dystrophies and degenerations cause progressive changes to the cornea affecting vision and comfort in dogs, with welfare implications depending on the type and severity.
The welfare implications of corneal dystrophies vary considerably by type and severity. Epithelial dystrophy causing spontaneous corneal erosions creates recurrent painful ulcers that significantly compromise welfare during active erosion episodes. Endothelial dystrophy leading to corneal edema causes progressive vision loss and the discomfort of waterlogged corneal tissue. Stromal dystrophies with lipid deposits often have limited welfare impact if vision is not significantly affected. Progressive endothelial dysfunction eventually requires intervention to maintain comfort and visual function. Monitoring progression and treating secondary complications - particularly superficial erosions - is the primary welfare management approach for most corneal dystrophies.