Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), causing viral rhinotracheitis, establishes lifelong latent infection in cats with recurrent welfare-relevant episodes triggered by stress, making it one of the most significant infectious welfare concerns in cat populations.
FHV-1 is a permanent welfare consideration for most cats rather than an acute disease that resolves. The latent carrier state means animals may experience recurrent welfare-impairing episodes throughout their lives triggered by stressors including new pets, moves, veterinary visits, or changes in household routine. During active episodes, nasal congestion prevents normal olfactory-based activities (eating, social communication), ocular discharge causes discomfort, and the systemic malaise of viral illness reduces quality of life. Welfare-centered FHV-1 management focuses on minimizing stressors that trigger reactivation, prompt antiviral treatment during active episodes, and environmental management that supports immune function.