Ducks are water birds with deep behavioral and physiological needs linked to water access. Denying domestic ducks access to open water causes significant welfare deficits that are well documented by science.
Open water access is arguably the single greatest unmet welfare need for commercially farmed ducks. Without water deep enough for head submersion, ducks develop eye infections, nasal blockages, and plumage degradation from inability to preen properly. Behavioral research demonstrates that ducks are highly motivated to access water and show frustration and distress responses when deprived. For backyard duck keepers, a pond, paddling pool, or deep water container is not a luxury - it is a fundamental welfare requirement.