Cormorants face lethal control measures in many aquaculture regions due to perceived competition with fish farms. Evidence-based approaches to conflict resolution can protect both wild birds and industry interests.
Cormorants occupy a difficult position as a charismatic wild bird species in direct economic conflict with farming interests. Individual cormorants killed through control programs die suddenly or from wounding, often without retrieval. The welfare cost of lethal control accumulates across thousands of birds killed annually in regions where this is permitted. Non-lethal deterrents that prevent birds from accessing facilities protect both bird welfare and farm economics without the ethical cost of killing wild animals. The welfare case for prioritizing non-lethal approaches is strong, particularly where their effectiveness has been demonstrated.