Group gestation housing for sows is replacing individual stalls in many regions. Understanding the welfare implications of different housing systems informs better practice.
Individual gestation stalls are widely regarded as one of the most significant welfare failures in animal agriculture. Sows confined for months at a time cannot turn around, walk, or perform basic behaviors, causing muscle atrophy, stereotypic behaviors including bar-biting, and significant psychological distress. Group housing, while better for most welfare measures, introduces challenges including social aggression and competition that require skilled management. The evidence base strongly supports group housing as the superior welfare option when appropriately managed, though the transition requires investment in facilities and expertise.