Shelter environments can cause significant psychological stress in dogs, and advances in shelter design and management are improving welfare outcomes for dogs awaiting adoption.
The shelter environment is inherently stressful for dogs: novel environment, social isolation, loss of familiar people and routines, and constant exposure to the barking and pacing of other stressed dogs create chronic psychological distress. Many dogs deteriorate behaviorally during extended shelter stays, reducing their adoption prospects and welfare simultaneously. Evidence-based shelter design and management, including compatible group housing, enrichment programs, and foster networks, can dramatically improve welfare during what is often a critical period for homeless dogs.