Scientific advances in farm animal pain recognition tools are transforming the ability of farmers and veterinarians to identify and treat pain in species that mask suffering as a survival strategy.
Farm animals evolved as prey species to hide signs of pain and weakness that would attract predators. This behavioral masking means pain in farm animals was historically overlooked and undertreated because animals did not exhibit obvious suffering behaviors. Validated pain assessment tools using subtle facial expressions and behavioral changes now allow better recognition of pain that was previously invisible. These tools are enabling more humane management of surgical procedures, injuries, and disease, with both welfare and productivity benefits.