Testicular cancer is among the most common cancers in intact male dogs, but early detection and neutering offer excellent outcomes for affected animals.
Testicular cancer in dogs has significant welfare implications that depend on the tumor type. Sertoli cell tumors produce estrogen that can cause feminization syndrome - affected dogs develop mammary gland enlargement, attract male dogs, and may develop bone marrow suppression causing life-threatening anemia. This hormonal disruption causes systemic suffering that goes beyond the tumor itself. Cryptorchid dogs are at particular risk since retained testicles are much more likely to become cancerous. Regular examination of intact male dogs allows early detection, and prompt castration provides a curative outcome in most cases. The welfare message is clear: neutering prevents this disease, and early detection dramatically improves outcomes.