Respiratory disease in rabbits is common, often caused by Pasteurella multocida, and represents a welfare challenge because rabbits are obligate nasal breathers who cannot cope with nasal obstruction.
Respiratory disease in rabbits causes disproportionate distress compared to other species because they cannot breathe through their mouths: a blocked or compromised nose creates constant anxiety and effort with every breath. Owners often underestimate the severity of snuffling and nasal discharge, viewing it as a cosmetic issue rather than a welfare concern. The chronic, relapsing nature of Pasteurella infection means affected rabbits face recurring episodes of illness and antibiotic treatment without the prospect of complete cure. Treatment decisions become complex when considering antibiotic stewardship alongside welfare needs. The connection between dental disease and respiratory disease means comprehensive management requires assessing both systems - dental radiography reveals tooth root abnormalities that may be driving nasal disease. Rabbits who are chronically ill may reduce eating, which risks the additional welfare crisis of gastrointestinal stasis.