Reproductive management in cattle involves balancing production goals with animal welfare, ensuring cows are not subjected to repeated failed pregnancies, excessive interventions, or prolonged negative energy balance.
Reproductive failures and complications significantly affect cattle welfare. Dystocia causes severe pain, and cows with repeated unsuccessful pregnancies may face early culling. The negative energy balance around calving creates a period of metabolic stress that compromises immune function and reproductive performance. Cows subjected to excessive reproductive interventions experience repeated handling stress. Good reproductive management - including optimal body condition at calving, accurate heat detection, and skilled intervention during difficult calvings - improves both welfare and productivity.