Outdoor pig production in cold climates requires careful management to prevent hypothermia, mud, and feed-related welfare problems during winter months.
Outdoor pig production offers genuine welfare benefits year-round, but winter in temperate climates presents real challenges. Cold, wet conditions can compromise welfare if shelter, bedding, and nutrition are not actively managed. A sow huddled in an inadequately bedded arc on frozen ground is not experiencing good welfare despite being 'outdoors'. The welfare case for outdoor production depends entirely on management quality: adequate straw bedding changed regularly, dry lying areas, sufficient energy in the diet, and prompt medical attention for any animals struggling with the cold.