Zoo tigers occupy a complex position between conservation and welfare - genetic banking programs have value but require rigorous welfare standards and transparent evaluation of conservation outcomes.
Tiger welfare in zoos is intrinsically complicated by the species' natural territorial behavior and need for large home ranges. Even well-designed modern exhibits offer a fraction of wild territory, and solitary adults may experience chronic frustration if enrichment is insufficient or social dynamics are poorly managed. Stereotypic pacing, a common welfare indicator, has been significantly reduced in zoos with naturalistic design and complex enrichment, but remains a concern in facilities with older infrastructure. Conservation value must be honestly assessed - genetic banking has merit for critically endangered subspecies, but the welfare cost to individual animals deserves equal transparency.