Genetic selection for increasingly large litter sizes in pigs has created welfare problems for both sows and piglets, raising fundamental questions about breeding ethics.
Hyperprolific pig breeding represents a clear case where production-focused genetic selection has created welfare problems at both individual and systemic levels. Sows producing very large litters experience metabolic demands that compromise body condition and longevity. Piglets born into large litters face survival challenges from competition for teats, lower birth weight, and inadequate colostrum access. The structural mismatch between teat number and litter size means that without intensive management intervention, some piglets will inevitably suffer. Consumer and regulatory pressure to reconsider hyperprolific breeding targets represents an important welfare advocacy direction.