Flexion tests used in pre-purchase examinations and lameness workups are controversial, with questions about their welfare impact and diagnostic value requiring careful consideration.
Flexion test welfare involves balancing diagnostic utility against the discomfort and potential harm of the procedure. Extended flexion of already painful or pathological joints causes additional pain and may exacerbate underlying conditions. The relatively poor sensitivity and specificity of routine flexion tests means that the welfare cost may not be justified by the diagnostic return in many cases. More targeted flexion of specific joints, combined with imaging when indicated, represents a welfare improvement over routine non-specific flexion of all four limbs. Buyers and veterinarians should engage in honest discussion about the value and limitations of flexion tests as part of pre-purchase examination.