Ringworm in Cattle: Welfare and Zoonotic Implications

Ringworm in cattle, caused primarily by Trichophyton verrucosum, is a common fungal skin infection that causes discomfort, welfare impacts, and can spread to humans handling affected animals.

Key Facts

Ringworm is caused by dermatophyte fungi, most commonly Trichophyton verrucosum in cattle
Young cattle under 2 years are most susceptible due to their less developed immune systems
The condition is most prevalent in winter when cattle are housed and in close contact
Lesions appear as circular, crusty, grey-white patches typically on the head, neck, and shoulders
Cattle with ringworm may rub affected areas vigorously, causing secondary wounds
The fungal spores can survive in the environment for years in wood, soil, and dust
Vaccination is available in some countries and provides effective protection

Welfare Considerations

While ringworm is rarely life-threatening, it causes significant welfare impacts through skin irritation and pruritus. Affected cattle spend considerable time rubbing lesions, which indicates discomfort and can lead to self-inflicted wounds. The widespread lesions that develop in young, immunologically naive calves can cover large body surface areas. The stress of housing and the immune suppression it can cause exacerbates disease. From a human welfare perspective, ringworm is readily transmissible to handlers - good personal protective equipment and hygiene are essential when treating affected animals.

What You Can Do

Vaccinate calves in your herd if T. verrucosum vaccine is available in your country
Improve housing conditions: adequate space, ventilation, and reduced animal contact
Treat individual lesions with antifungal preparations (miconazole, enilconazole)
Wear gloves and long sleeves when handling affected cattle to prevent human infection
Disinfect wooden surfaces, brushes, and handling equipment - spores persist for years
Ensure all farm workers know about the zoonotic risk and use appropriate protection