Force-feeding of geese and ducks to produce foie gras is one of the most welfare-contested farming practices, banned in many countries but still legal in others.
Foie gras production involves deliberate welfare harm as the mechanism of production - the enlarged fatty liver that is the product is itself evidence of pathological physiological stress. Force-feeding causes direct discomfort from tube insertion and stomach expansion, while the resulting hepatic steatosis impairs organ function and mobility. The welfare evidence against foie gras is among the strongest for any food product - the welfare harm is inherent to the production method rather than a management failure. The bans implemented in many countries reflect this evidence. Consumer choice to avoid foie gras and advocacy for bans in remaining jurisdictions are clear welfare actions.