Circular economy approaches to livestock farming can simultaneously improve animal welfare and environmental outcomes through integrated system design.
Circular economy integration of livestock farming creates conditions that naturally support better welfare outcomes. Mixed farms where animals' manure fertilizes crops and crop residues feed animals create ecological connections that mirror natural systems - and welfare-positive conditions emerge as system requirements rather than welfare impositions. Pasture-based systems that build soil health through appropriate grazing also provide the outdoor access and behavioral complexity that improve livestock welfare. The convergence between circular economy principles and welfare-positive farming provides a compelling economic narrative for welfare improvement beyond welfare advocacy alone.