Working donkeys in hot climates across Africa and Asia face acute welfare challenges from heat stress, water deprivation during work, and inadequate shade and rest periods.
Hot climate working donkey welfare requires addressing multiple simultaneous threats that compound each other. Heat stress and physical work increase water requirements dramatically - a working donkey in hot conditions may need 30-40 litres per day. Where water is unavailable along working routes, owners may not appreciate the risk until animals begin showing signs of serious dehydration. Harness design affects heat dissipation - poorly fitting equipment that creates sores also traps heat. Cultural practices around working hours may not allow for the rest periods that donkeys physiologically need in peak heat. Welfare improvement programmes that train owners in heat stress recognition and provide guidance on appropriate working hours and water access have measurable welfare impact.