European eel aquaculture raises serious welfare concerns due to the species' complex biology, elver capture from wild populations, high density rearing, and slaughter method inadequacies.
European eel aquaculture creates a welfare paradox: farming relies entirely on removing wild glass eels from already collapsing populations, threatening the species while also causing individual welfare harm. High-density rearing in recirculating systems causes chronic stress. Eels frequently skin wounds through fighting and contact with abrasive surfaces. Slaughter by ice slurry causes prolonged conscious suffering, as eels remain responsive for extended periods in cold water. Percussive stunning followed by immediate destruction of the brain is the recommended humane killing method but is rarely adopted.