Atlantic cod aquaculture is being developed to relieve pressure on wild stocks, but the species presents specific welfare challenges including high aggression, cannibalism in juveniles, and stress from light manipulation.
Cod present distinct welfare challenges compared to salmon aquaculture. Juvenile aggression and cannibalism cause injury and mortality at standard stocking densities. Continuous light regimes used to suppress maturation disrupt circadian rhythms in a species that experiences strong seasonal light variation in its natural habitat. Bacterial disease outbreaks cause significant individual suffering. The relatively early stage of cod aquaculture development means welfare standards lag far behind those for established species. Developing cod-specific welfare protocols - for stocking density, light management, and humane slaughter - is essential as the industry grows.