Axolotls are critically endangered in the wild but popular as pets. Their welfare in captivity depends on correct water temperature, quality, and enrichment in species-appropriate tanks.
Axolotl welfare in captivity is most commonly compromised by inappropriate water temperature and inadequate tank size. These are active animals that explore substrate and benefit from hiding places. Chronic warm water stress causes immune failure, making animals susceptible to fungal and bacterial infections. Small tanks with poor filtration cause ammonia build-up that damages gill tissue. The popularity of axolotls has outpaced welfare knowledge - pet shops often sell them with inadequate care information. Correct husbandry dramatically extends lifespan from 2-3 years in poor conditions to 10-15 years.