Puppy mills (puppy farms) produce dogs in appalling welfare conditions for profit. Recognising and avoiding these operations while supporting responsible breeders is one of the most impactful companion animal welfare decisions.
Puppy mill welfare involves serious chronic harm to breeding females kept in barren, confined conditions producing repeated litters. These dogs experience social isolation, physical health problems from repeated pregnancies, and minimal veterinary care. Puppies removed too early - a common farm practice - develop social and behavioural problems that cause welfare difficulties throughout their lives. Third-party sales ban has reduced but not eliminated farm puppy purchasing. Buyers who visit the breeding mother in her home environment, use the Puppy Contract, and verify health screening are much less likely to unknowingly support puppy farm operations.