Sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) are the most commonly kept large sharks in public aquariums, raising important questions about captive elasmobranch welfare.
Sand tiger sharks represent the outer edge of what can be responsibly maintained in captivity. Their relative docility compared to other large sharks does not mean aquarium life is welfare-neutral. Restricted movement, artificial lighting cycles, and the presence of other sharks all cause behavioural changes. Feeding is often voluntary food presentation rather than active predation, reducing natural enrichment. However, well-managed sand tiger exhibits have contributed to public education about shark conservation and may justify limited welfare costs if population education effects translate into conservation behaviour. Aquariums keeping sharks should demonstrate welfare monitoring, space standards, and educational impact.